Qaumī Tarāna
| National Anthem | |
| National anthem of |  Pakistan |
|---|---|
| Lyrics | Hafeez Jullundhri |
| Music | Akbar Mohammed, 1950 |
| Adopted | 1954 |
| Until | Present |
| Music sample | |
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Qaumi Tarana (Instrumental)
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The Qaumī Tarāna (Urdu: قومی ترانہ) is the National Anthem of Pakistan. The words "Qaumi Tarana" in Urdu literally translate to "National Anthem". The Pakistani national anthem is unique in that its music preceded its lyrics. At independence, on August 14, 1947, Pakistan did not have a national anthem. When the flag was hoisted at the independence ceremony it was accompanied by the song, "Pakistan Zindabad, Azadi Paendabad". The flag itself had only been approved by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan three days earlier.[1][2][3] The current national anthem of Pakistan was written by a Muslim writer named Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri.
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Composition
In early 1948, A. R. Ghani from Transvaal, South Africa, offered two prizes of five thousand rupees each for the poet and composer of a new national anthem. The prizes were announced through a Government press note published in June 1948. In December 1948, a National Anthem Committee (NAC) was formed, initially chaired by the Information Secretary, Sheikh Muhammad Ikram. Committee members included several politicians, poets and musicians such as Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ahmed Chagla and Hafeez Jullundhri. The committee had some difficulty at first in finding suitable music and lyrics.
In 1950, the impending state visit of the Shah of Iran resulted in the Government asking the NAC to submit an anthem without delay. The committee chairman, Federal Minister for Education, Fazlur Rahman, asked several poets and composers to write lyrics but none of the submitted works were deemed suitable. The NAC also examined several different tunes and eventually selected the one presented by Chagla and submitted it for formal approval. Chagla produced the musical composition in collaboration with another committee member and assisted by the Pakistan Navy band.[4]
The music of the anthem was composed by Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla, with lyrics written by Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri. The three stanza composition was officially adopted in 1954. However, the music for the anthem had been composed in 1950 and had been used on several occasions before official adoption. The lyrics allude to a "Sacred Land" referring to Pakistan and a "Flag of the Crescent and Star" referring to the national flag. Unofficially, the anthem is sometimes referred to by its first line "Pāk sarzamīn shād bād" (Urdu: "Blessed be the sacred land"). The national anthem is played during any event involving the hoisting of the flag, for example Pakistan Day (March 23) and Independence Day (August 14).
The anthem without lyrics was performed for Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan and later for the National Anthem Committee on August 10, 1950.[5] Although it was approved for playing during the visit of the Shah, official recognition was not given until August 1954.[5] The anthem was also played during the Prime Minister's visit to the United States. The NAC distributed records of the composed tune amongst prominent poets, who responded by writing and submitting several hundred songs for evaluation by the NAC. Eventually, the lyrics written by Jullundhri were approved and the new national anthem was first played properly on Radio Pakistan on August 13, 1954.[6] Official approval was announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on August 16, 1954. The composer Chagla had however died in 1953, before the new national anthem was officially adopted. In 1955 there was a performance of the national anthem involving eleven major singers of Pakistan including Ahmad Rushdi.[7]
National anthem
The music composed by Chagla reflects his background in both eastern and western music. The lyrics are written in a highly Persianized form of Urdu. Every word in the entire anthem is a loanword from Persian except the word "ka" ( کا, "of" ). The anthem lasts for 1 minute and 20 seconds,[8] and uses twenty one musical instruments and thirty eight different tones.[6]
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:پاک سرزمین شاد باد
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:پاک سرزمین کا نظام
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:پرچم ستارہ و ہلال
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|sound_title = Qaumi Tarana (Vocal)
Timeline
- 1949 - Musical composition by Ahmad G. Chagla (running time, 1 minute 20 seconds)
- 1952 - Verses written by Hafeez Jullundhri, selected from 723 entries
- 1954 - Released on Radio Pakistan on 13 August. Singers of the anthem were: Ahmad Rushdi, Shamim Bano, Kokab Jehan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zwar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastgir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wassi. Ali Rathore, Saif Ali Khan
National Anthem of Pakistan [1]]]
Previous National anthem
The anthem was written by Jagannath Azad, a Hindu poet from Lahore who wrote on the personal request of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.[9] Jinnah asked him to wrote the anthem on August 11, 1947 and it was later approved by Jinnah and used to be the official national anthem for the next year and a half.[10] According to Jagannath Azad, "The National anthem was written by me in five days time. It was too short time for me but I tried to do full justice to it keeping in mind the road map charted by Jinnah sahib for modern Pakistan.The national anthem was sent to Jinnah sahib who approved it in a few hours. It was sung for the first time on Pakistan radio, Karachi (which was the capital of Pakistan then). Meanwhile the situation in both east and west Punjab was becoming worse with every passing day and the same set of friends told me in September 1947 that even they would not be able to provide protection to me and that it would be better for me to migrate to India. I decided to migrate to this side. The song written by me continued to be the national anthem for one and a half years."
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:اے سرزمین پاک
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:اب اپنے عزم کو ہے نیا راستہ پسند
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:اترا ہے امتحان میں وطن آج کامیاب
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:اپنے وطن کا آج بدلنے لگا نظام
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:ذرے تیرے ہیں آج ستاروں سے تابناک
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Important Note
The above piece on previous National Anthem does not hold any credible historical reference and care should be taken in using it for (any) references
See also
- Flag of Pakistan
- Coat of arms of Pakistan
- Dil Dil Pakistan
References
- ↑ "Parliamentary History". National Assembly of Pakistan. http://www.na.gov.pk/history.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
- ↑ "Parliamentary History of Pakistan". Parliamentary Division, Government of Pakistan. http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/parliamentary-division/media/parhistory.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
- ↑ "Legislative Assembly of Sind under the Pakistan (Provincial Constitution) Order, 1947". Provincial Assembly of Sindh. http://www.pas.gov.pk/third-las.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
- ↑ Michael Jamieson Bristow, National-Anthems.org. ""Forty National Anthems"". http://www.national-anthems.org/history.htm#pakistan. Retrieved 2006-04-12.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "National Anthem". Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan. http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Anthem.aspx. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk. ""National Anthem of Pakistan"". http://mazhar.dk/pakistan/facts.htm#anthem. Retrieved 2006-04-12.
- ↑ Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk. ""Ahmad Rushdi"". http://mazhar.dk/film/singers/ahmadrushdi/. Retrieved 2006-04-12.
- ↑ Information Ministry, Government of Pakistan. ""Basic Facts"". http://www.infopak.gov.pk/public/govt/basic_facts.html. Retrieved 2006-04-12.
- ↑ http://pakistaniat.com/2010/04/19/anthem-jagan-nath-azad/
- ↑ http://pakistaniat.com/2009/06/05/jagannath-azad/
External links
- Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan. ""National Anthem"". http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Anthem.aspx. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- National Anthem of Pakistan
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